FRM Part I vs Part II: what changes in the second exam?
Part I builds the tools; Part II applies them. Both last four hours, but Part I has 100 questions and Part II has 80. The transition is from understanding products and models to choosing and evaluating risk-management actions.
| Exam | Questions and time | What you do |
|---|---|---|
| Part I | 100 MCQs / 240 minutes | Use risk concepts, quantitative tools, product mechanics and valuation models. |
| Part II | 80 MCQs / 240 minutes | Apply the tools to market, credit, operational, liquidity and investment risk. |
- Part I pace
- 2.4 minAverage per question.
- Part II pace
- 3 minAverage per question.
- Transition
- Tool to decisionExplain the model and its practical limitations.
How the same idea changes between parts
Use your Part I notes as a foundation, then practise the institutional context and limitations. The map below is editorial teaching guidance, not a promise that an exam question will use a particular format.
| Idea | Foundation task | Application task |
|---|---|---|
| Duration | Estimate a bond’s response to rates. | Assess portfolio hedges and residual basis risk. |
| Value at risk | Interpret a quantile and calculate a simple estimate. | Compare models, backtests and stress scenarios. |
| Probability | Compute an expected loss with stated inputs. | Evaluate dependence, exposure changes and credit mitigation. |
| Governance | Identify risk ownership and incentives. | Evaluate escalation, controls and operational resilience. |
One position, two questions
A correct computation is only the beginning of an applied answer.
Original worked example
A $10 million bond portfolio has DV01 of $4,000. Rates rise 10 basis points. Then the question asks whether a rate hedge eliminates all risk.
The linear rate-loss estimate is $40,000. A rate hedge alone does not remove credit spread, basis, liquidity or counterparty exposures.
First apply the sensitivity to the stated shock. Then identify risks the chosen hedge does not target. Do not infer that a hedge is complete because its rate sensitivity matches.
Build a bridge before your Part II plan
Review the Part I methods you cannot explain from memory, but avoid spending the whole new preparation period repeating familiar quantitative exercises. Move quickly into Part II cases and its required readings.
- 1
Recall
Write the assumptions for duration, expected loss and tail measures.
- 2
Apply
Explain a bank or portfolio scenario before calculating.
- 3
Evaluate
Name the model limitation and the control or extra analysis needed.
Compare the scope before comparing difficulty
Part I and Part II are stages of one certification, not alternative qualifications. Part I establishes tools and product knowledge; Part II develops applications across risk domains. Neither a lower question count nor familiar topic names establishes that the second exam will be easier for you. The relevant difference is what you must do with the knowledge.
For example, a Part I study task might ask you to calculate a loss measure under supplied assumptions. A Part II task might ask whether that measure is adequate for a particular institution, what it misses or which response addresses the stated vulnerability. These are illustrations of the curriculum progression, not a claim that every official question follows that pattern.
Compare the four Part I areas with the six Part II areas using the syllabus map. Do not interpret the Part II domain list as a replacement for quantitative reasoning: calculations remain useful when evaluating an application. Likewise, Part I includes governance and qualitative concepts, so its scope is broader than formula recall.
Choose a sitting sequence with separate commitments
Evaluate the preparation needed for each part separately before deciding how close together to take them. The first question is whether you have enough time for coverage, fresh practice and a realistic rehearsal for each exam. A strong background in one area does not remove the rest of the curriculum or the Part II required readings.
If you intend to register for both parts, verify GARP’s current sequencing and result rules before paying. The consequences depend on the administration and the Part I result. Do not assume that booking both parts changes the requirement to pass Part I or guarantees that a Part II sitting will count in every circumstance.
Use this comparison to choose which part to investigate next. The part hubs introduce each scope; the transition guide examines what knowledge transfers between them; the preparation guides provide the study tasks. Those are different decisions, so you do not need to read every guide before taking the first useful step.
Common questions
- Is Part II easier because it has fewer questions?
- The counts give more average time per item, but do not establish relative difficulty.
- Does Part II repeat Part I?
- It builds on those tools while introducing applied domains and the exam-year Current Issues readings.
- Should I study both parts with one combined schedule?
- Use a plan for your next sitting. A combined timetable can hide the distinct coverage and practice each part needs.
Sources and editorial notes
By MiloPrep editorial team. Source check: . Official requirements and product information can change. Examples and planning allocations are independent teaching material, not official questions or passing standards.
- GARP: program and exams ↗
Exam counts, timing, topic areas, preparation benchmark and results policy.
- GARP: exam policies ↗
Identification, calculator rules, refunds, deferrals, appointment changes and certification deadlines.
- GARP: candidate FAQs ↗
Registration prerequisites and candidate process. The current policy page takes precedence over duplicated older FAQ passages.
MiloPrep is an independent study resource and is not affiliated with or endorsed by GARP or the named providers. FRM and provider names are trademarks of their respective owners. Editorial methodology.